Our methods are evidence-informed and clinically structured. The WING Method and BIRD Method are designed to help trained providers observe functional movement, breathing, oral-motor, and lumbopelvic patterns in a repeatable way. These references do not imply that every component of the WING or BIRD Method has been fully validated in large-scale trials; rather, they support the clinical concepts that informed their development, including early movement observation, breastfeeding biomechanics, tethered oral tissue assessment, pregnancy-related pelvic girdle function, and conservative interdisciplinary care.
WING Method
Sweeney P, Sweeney A, Castillo M, Gonzalez M, Newsome L. Breastfeeding Dysfunction and Musculoskeletal Tension Patterns in Infants With Tethered Oral Tissues: A Case Report Using the WING Method. Journal of Contemporary Chiropractic. 2026;9(1):292–297.
Hawk C, Minkalis A, Webb C, Hogan O, Vallone S. Manual Interventions for Musculoskeletal Factors in Infants With Suboptimal Breastfeeding: A Scoping Review. Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine. 2018;23:1–12.
Miller JE, Miller L, Sulesund AK, Yevtushenko A. Contribution of Chiropractic Therapy to Resolving Suboptimal Breastfeeding: A Case Series of 114 Infants. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 2009;32(8):670–674.
Holleman AC, Nee J, Knaap SFC. Chiropractic Management of Breast-Feeding Difficulties: A Case Report. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine. 2011;10(3):199–203.
LeFort Y, Evans A, Livingstone V, et al. Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Position Statement on Ankyloglossia in Breastfeeding Dyads. Breastfeeding Medicine. 2021;16(4):278–281.
American Academy of Pediatrics. Identification and Management of Ankyloglossia and Its Effect on Breastfeeding in Infants. Pediatrics. 2024. The AAP emphasizes full breastfeeding assessment, nonsurgical support first, and careful case selection for frenotomy.
O’Shea JE, Foster JP, O’Donnell CPF, et al. Frenotomy for Tongue-Tie in Newborn Infants. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2017. This review found short-term reduction in maternal nipple pain, while breastfeeding outcomes were less consistently improved.
Geddes DT, Langton DB, Gollow I, et al. Frenulotomy for Breastfeeding Infants With Ankyloglossia: Effect on Milk Removal and Sucking Mechanism as Imaged by Ultrasound. Pediatrics. 2008;122(1):e188–e194.
Amir LH, James JP, Donath SM. Reliability of the Hazelbaker Assessment Tool for Lingual Frenulum Function. International Breastfeeding Journal. 2006;1:3.
Ingram J, Johnson D, Copeland M, Churchill C, Taylor H, Emond A. The Development of a Tongue Assessment Tool to Assist With Tongue-Tie Identification. Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition. 2015;100:F344–F348.
Ingram J, Copeland M, Johnson D, et al. The Development and Evaluation of a Picture Tongue Assessment Tool for Tongue-Tie in Breastfed Babies. International Breastfeeding Journal. 2019.
Mills N, Keough N, Geddes DT, Pransky SM, Mirjalili SA. Defining the Anatomy of the Neonatal Lingual Frenulum. Clinical Anatomy. 2019;32:824–835.
Mills N, Pransky SM, Geddes DT, Mirjalili SA. What Is a Tongue Tie? Defining the Anatomy of the In-Situ Lingual Frenulum. Clinical Anatomy. 2019;32:749–761.
Brzęcka D, Garbacz M, Micał M, Zych B, Lewandowski B. Diagnosis, Classification and Management of Ankyloglossia Including Its Influence on Breastfeeding. Developmental Period Medicine. 2019. Includes discussion of Kotlow-style “free tongue” classification.
CDC. Developmental Milestones. Learn the Signs. Act Early. The CDC milestones support the value of observing early infant movement, motor development, and early referral when concerns are present.
Noritz GH, Murphy NA. Motor Delays: Early Identification and Evaluation. Pediatrics. 2013;131(6):e2016–e2027.
Burger M, Louw QA. The Predictive Validity of General Movements: A Systematic Review. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology. 2009;13(5):408–420.
BIRD METHOD
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Physical Activity and Exercise During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period.ACOG Committee Opinion No. 804. 2020. ACOG states that physical activity and exercise in pregnancy are associated with minimal risks and benefit most women when not contraindicated.
Walters C, West S, Nippita TA. Pelvic Girdle Pain in Pregnancy.Australian Journal of General Practice. 2018;47(7):439–443. This article supports assessment of pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain, conservative care, activity modification, support garments, physiotherapy, and exercise.
Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Pelvic Girdle Pain and Pregnancy. RCOG patient guidance. RCOG notes that pelvic girdle pain affects mobility and quality of life, and that early diagnosis and treatment can help.
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence / NCBI Bookshelf. Management of Pelvic Girdle Pain in Pregnancy.Antenatal Care Evidence Review. 2021.
Hall H, Cramer H, Sundberg T, et al. The Effectiveness of Complementary Manual Therapies for Pregnancy-Related Back and Pelvic Pain: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis.Medicine. 2016;95(38):e4723.
van Benten E, Pool J, Mens JMA, Pool-Goudzwaard A. Recommendations for Physical Therapists on the Treatment of Lumbopelvic Pain During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review.Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 2014;44(7):464–473.
Fiat F, Merghes PE, Scurtu AD, et al. The Main Changes in Pregnancy—Therapeutic Approach to Musculoskeletal Pain.Medicina. 2022;58(8):1115. Discusses pregnancy-related biomechanical and musculoskeletal changes, including ligament laxity and pelvic girdle pain.
Aldabe D, Ribeiro DC, Milosavljevic S, Dawn Bussey M. Pregnancy-Related Pelvic Girdle Pain and Its Relationship With Relaxin Levels During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review.European Spine Journal. 2012;21(9):1769–1776.
Kokic IS, Ivanisevic M, Uremovic M, Kokic T, Pisot R, Simunic B. Effect of Therapeutic Exercises on Pregnancy-Related Low Back Pain and Pelvic Girdle Pain.Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2017;49(3):251–257.
Shiri R, Coggon D, Falah-Hassani K. Exercise for the Prevention of Low Back and Pelvic Girdle Pain in Pregnancy: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.European Journal of Pain. 2018;22(1):19–27.